Freight Terms & Definitions
Here are some important freight terms and definitions.
What is freight class? Freight classes are defined by the National Motor Freight Traffic Association (NMFTA), and this has become a standardized system to classify freight in the shipping industry.
How freight class is determined? Freight density plays a major factor in choosing the right freight class. More dense items such as steel and machinery have low classifications, such as Class 50 through 85. Fragile or bulky items fall into freight classes 125 to 500.
| Freight Density (in lbs per cubic foot) | Freight Class |
| Less than 1 | 400 |
| 1 but less than 2 | 300 |
| 2 but less than 4 | 250 |
| 4 but less than 6 | 175 |
| 6 but less than 8 | 125 |
| 8 but less than 10 | 100 |
| 10 but less than 12 | 92.5 |
| 12 but less than 15 | 85 |
| 15 but less than 22.5 | 70 |
| 22.5 but less than 30 | 65 |
| Over 30 | 60 |
What happens if my freight class is wrong? If your freight class is wrong, you may be charged more for shipping. In some cases, you may also be subject to a reclassification fee. This is a fee the carrier charges for reclassifying your shipment.
What is a liftgate? Liftgates are used when the cargo is too heavy or cumbersome to be loaded by hand. They are attached to the back of a truck and function hydraulically, typically capable of lifting anywhere from 1,500 to 3,500 lbs. They are necessary when there is no loading dock at the pickup or delivery location.
Is there an extra charge for liftgates? Most LTL carriers charge an additional processing fee if the shipper fails to mention that a liftgate is required. Prices vary by carrier.
Limited Access? This type of service may be applied to a shipment that is being delivered to a commercial establishment that is not open to the walk-in public during the normal business hours of 8 AM-5 PM, or areas that are not normally accessible via main roads. Integrated carriers will typically classify a location as Limited Access if the location requires smaller than 48 foot trailer in order to access.
Examples of limited access points may include, but are not limited to:
1. Construction sites
2. Fairs and carnivals
3. Event stadiums or venues
4. Military bases
5. Schools or universities
6. Storage facilities
7. Airports or government facilities
8. Hotels/motels or resorts
9. Hospitals or doctor’s offices